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Types of Courts
1. Small claims court /ˌsmɔːl ˈkleɪmz ˌkɔːt/ - A court that deals with disputes over small amounts of money.
E.g. They were of the view that such debts could be handled perfectly adequately through the small claims court in the first instance.
2. Court of Appeal (also called an Appeal Court / appellate court/ court of appeals/ appeals court) /kɔːt əv əˈpiːl/ - A civil or criminal court to which a person may go to ask for an award or sentence to be changed.
E.g. I think it would be much better to adopt the line of an international court of appeal.
3. Court-martial (n/v) /ˌkɔːt ˈmɑː.ʃəl/ - A court which tries someone serving in the armed forces for offences against military discipline.
E.g. I hardly think if somebody is acquitted he would elect to be tried by court-martial. She is likely to be court-martialled for disobeying her commanding officer.
4. County Court /ˌkaʊn. ti ˈkɔːt/ - One of the types of court in England and Wales and some parts of the USA which hears local civil cases. (There are about 270 County Courts in England and Wales. They are presided over by either district judges or circuit judges. They deal mainly with claims regarding money, but also deal with family matters, bankruptcies and claims concerning land).
E.g. I appreciate the arguments in favour of sending these cases to the county court.
5. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) /ðəˌjʊə. rəˈpiː.ən ˌkɔːt əv ˌhjuː.mən ˈraɪts/ also known as Strasbourg Court is a court which considers the rights of citizens of states which are parties to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights.
E.g. ECHR is taking a number of exceptional measures to respond to the unprecedented global health crisis, having regard to the recent decisions of the French authorities and the Council of Europe.
6. Employment tribunal /ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt /traɪˈbjuː.nəl/ - A body responsible for hearing work-related complaints as specified by statute. (Formally, it is known as an industrial tribunal. The panel hearing each case consists of a legally qualified chairperson and two independent lay (= not legally qualified) people who have experience of employment issues. Decisions need to be enforced by a separate application to the court. Appeals are made to an Employment Appeal Tribunal)
E.g. Claims must be submitted to an employment tribunal within three month of the alleged act of discrimination.
7. Magistrates' court /ˈmædʒ.ɪ.streɪts ˌkɔːt/ - A court which hears cases of petty crime, adoption, affiliation, maintenance and violence in the home (= domestic violence), and which can also commit someone for trial or sentencing in a Crown Court.
E.g. The case was heard in a magistrates’ court.
8. Coroner's court /ˈkɒr.ə.nərz kɔːt/ - A court presided over by a public official (usually a doctor or lawyer) who investigates sudden, unexpected and violent deaths. (An investigation in a coroner's court is called a coroner's inquest. A coroner's inquest also decides what happens when treasure or something valuable that has been secretly hidden or lost is suddenly rediscovered).
E.g. The Coroner's Court is responsible to inquire into the causes and circumstances of some deaths.
9. Crown Court /ˌkraʊn ˈkɔːt/ - A court above the level of a magistrates' court which hears serious criminal cases, by a judge and a jury in the UK.
E.g. Crown Courts have power to deal with indictable offences, and also hear most appeals from magistrates’ courts.
10. Lands Tribunal /lændz traɪˈbjuː.nəl/ - A court which deals with compensation claims relating to land.
E.g. The Lands Tribunal resolves a range of disputes about the value of land and buildings, and about their occupation, use or development.
11. Commercial Court /kəˈmɜː.ʃəl ˌkɔːt/ - A court in the Queen's Bench Division (= one of the main divisions of the High Court) which hears cases relating to business disputes.
E.g. A commercial court judge ruled the company was wrong to terminate the contract.
12. Rent tribunal /rent traɪˈbjuː.nəl/ - A court which adjudicates in disputes about money paid or services provided in return for borrowing something – usually buildings or land.
E.g. The Rent Tribunal will need a copy of your tenancy contract (mandatory).
13. The High Court /ˌhaɪ ˈkɔːt/ - The main civil court in England and Wales. This is usually the highest court in jurisdiction, the court of last resort.
E.g. The financier could be more than £1m poorer after losing his High Court battle with his former company.
14. The European Court of Justice /ðəˌjʊə. rəˈpiː.ən ˌkɔːt əv dʒʌs.tɪs / - An organization of the European Union, formed of one judge from each member country, that decides on the laws that all its members should follow. It has the power to change decisions made by national courts. (ECJ – short form. It is also called the Court of Justice of the European Communities).
E.g. The ECJ set up to see that the principles of law as laid out in the Treaty of Rome are observed and applied correctly in the European Union.
15. Court of Protection /ˌkɔːt əv prəˈtek.ʃən/ - A court appointed to serve the interests of people who are not capable of dealing with their own affairs, such as patients who are mentally ill.
E.g. The Court of Protection in English law is a superior court of record created under the Mental Capacity Act 2005.
16. The Admiralty Court /ˈædmərəlti ˌkɔːt/ / - The court which is part of the Queen's Bench Division, which decides in disputes involving ships.
E.g. Historically, admiralty courts were a separate part of the court system.
17. The House of Lords /ˌhaʊs əv ˈlɔːdz/ - The highest court of appeal in the United Kingdom. Since 2009, it is known as the Supreme Court. (although appellants unhappy with a decision made here can appeal to the European Court of Justice).
E.g. The House of Lords is the United Kingdom's supreme court of appeal.
18. Juvenile court /ˈdʒuː.vən.aɪlˌkɔːt/ - A court where a person under the age of 18 would be tried.
E.g. The object of that requirement is to make sure that the local authority will put all its views and information before the juvenile court.
19. Lower court /ˈləʊ. ər kɔːt/ - A court of primary jurisdiction, where a case is heard for the first time and whose decisions can be appealed to a higher court.
E.g. The lower court found that evidence was circumstantial.
20. Moot court /muːt/ kɔːt/ - a mock court in which hypothetical cases are argued, usually as an academic exercise for law students.
E.g.The practical training for students is organized at courts of law, and local and international moot court competitions.
Remember:
A courthouse is the general word for a building in which trials take place.